On the Heavens

On the Heavens (Greek: Περί ουρανού, Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings of the terrestrial world. It should not be confused with the spurious work On the Universe (De mundo, also known as On the Cosmos).

According to Aristotle, the heavenly bodies are the most perfect realities, (or "substances"), whose motions are ruled by principles other than those of bodies in the sublunary sphere. The latter are composed of one or all of the four classical elements (earth, water, air, fire) and are perishable; but the matter the heavens are made of is imperishable aether, so they are not subject to generation and corruption. Hence their motions are eternal and perfect, and the perfect motion is the circular one, which, unlike the earthly up-and down-ward locomotions, can last eternally selfsame. As substances, celestial bodies have matter (aether) and a form: it seems that Aristotle did regard them as living beings with a rational soul as their form (see also Metaphysics, bk. XII)

Contents 1 English Translations 2 Commentaries 3 Translations into Other Languages 3.1 French 3.2 German 3.3 Italian 4 See also 5 External links

English Translations

(in reverse chronological order)

• Stuart Leggatt, On the Heavens I and II (Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1995). ISBN 0856686638
• William Keith Chambers Guthrie, Aristotle On the Heavens (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press "Loeb Classical Library", 1939).
• John Leofric Stocks, On the Heavens (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1922).
  • Adelaide Etexts
  • Sacred Texts
  • InfoMotions
  • MIT (incomplete)
• Thomas Taylor, The treatises of Aristotle, on the heavens, on generation & corruption, and on meteors (Somerset, England : The Prometheus Trust, 2004, 1807). ISBN 1898910243

Commentaries

• Alan C. Bowen, Christian Wildberg, New perspectives on Aristotle's De caelo (Brill, 2009).
• Elders, L., Aristotle’s Cosmology: A Commentary on the De Caelo (Assen, Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1966).

Translations into Other Languages

French

• Dalimier, C. and Pellegrin, P. (2004) Aristote. Traité du ciel (Paris).
• Moraux, P. (1965) Aristote. Du ciel (Paris).
• Tricot, J. (1949) Aristote. Traité du ciel. Traduction et notes (Paris).

German

• Gigon, O. (1950) Vom Himmel, Von der Seele, Von der Dichtkunst (Zurich).
• Prantl, C. (1857) Aristoteles’ Vier Bücher über das Himmelsgebäude und Zwei Bücher über Entstehen und Vergehen (Leipzig).
• Prantl, C., (1881) De coelo, et de generatione et corruptione (Leipzig).

Italian

• Jori, A. (1999) Il cielo (Milan).
• Longo, O. (1961) Aristotele. De caelo (Florence).

See also

• Physics (Aristotle)
• Aristotelian physics
• Celestial spheres

External links

• "On the Heavens" in Greek is found in the 2nd volume of the 11-volume 1837 Bekker edition of Aristotle's Works in Greek (PDF|DJVU)

Greek astronomy Astronomers Acoreus Aglaonike Agrippa Anaximander Andronicus Apollonius Aratus Aristarchus Aristillus Attalus Autolycus Bion Callippus Cleomedes Cleostratus Conon Eratosthenes Euctemon Eudoxus Geminus Heraclides Hicetas Hipparchus Hippocrates of Chios Hypsicles Menelaus Meton Oenopides Philip of Opus Philolaus Posidonius Ptolemy Pytheas Seleucus Sosigenes of Alexandria Sosigenes the Peripatetic Strabo Thales Theodosius Theon of Alexandria Theon of Smyrna Timocharis Works Almagest (Ptolemy) On Sizes and Distances (Hipparchus) On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus) On the Heavens (Aristotle) Instruments Antikythera mechanism Armillary sphere Astrolabe Dioptra Equatorial ring Gnomon Mural instrument Triquetrum Concepts Callippic cycle Celestial spheres Circle of latitude Counter-Earth Deferent and epicycle Equant Geocentrism Heliocentrism Hipparchic cycle Metonic cycle Octaeteris Solstice Spherical Earth Sublunary sphere Zodiac Influences Babylonian astronomy Egyptian astronomy Influenced European astronomy Indian astronomy Islamic astronomy